Automated microclimate for the cultivation of Pleurotus djamor mushrooms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46842/ipn.cien.v30n1a01Keywords:
mushroom cultivation, agricultural IoT, biological efficiencyAbstract
El cultivo de setas comestibles del género Pleurotus requiere condiciones ambientales estrictas para un desarrollo micelial adecuado y una fructificación eficiente. En particular, Pleurotus djamor presenta alta sensibilidad a variaciones de temperatura, humedad relativa, concentración de dióxido de carbono e iluminación, lo que limita su producción bajo métodos artesanales. En este trabajo se presenta el diseño, implementación y evaluación experimental de un sistema automatizado para el control de microclima aplicado al cultivo de Pleurotus djamor. El sistema propuesto integra un microcontrolador ESP32-S3, sensores ambientales para la medición de temperatura, humedad relativa y concentración de CO₂, así como actuadores para el control de riego por nebulización, ventilación, calefacción e iluminación LED específica. Se implementó una estrategia de control jerárquico con modos de operación diferenciados para las etapas de incubación y fructificación, con monitoreo remoto mediante interfaces móviles y mensajería instantánea. Los resultados experimentales demostraron que el sistema automatizado mantuvo las variables ambientales dentro de los rangos óptimos establecidos para cada etapa del cultivo, con desviaciones inferiores al ±1 % respecto al valor de referencia. En comparación con un testigo artesanal, el sistema automatizado incrementó la producción total de cuerpos fructíferos de 0.451 kg a 2.49 kg y elevó la eficiencia biológica del 15.03 % al 83 %. Asimismo, se observó una mejora significativa en la calidad sensorial de las setas obtenidas. Los resultados confirman que el control automático del microclima constituye una alternativa eficiente, reproducible y de bajo costo para optimizar el cultivo de Pleurotus djamor, con aplicaciones potenciales en sistemas productivos a pequeña y mediana escala.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Mauricio Aaron Pérez Romero, Oswaldo De Los Santos Hernández, Jair de Jesús Nava Cisneros, Armando Josué Piña Díaz (Autor/a)
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