Análisis sistemático de los módulos de deposición en bioimpresión 3D
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46842/ipn.cien.v30n2a03Palabras clave:
bioimpresión 3D, módulos de deposición, extrusión, inkjet, láser, patentometría, error de deposición, fidelidad geométricaResumen
La bioimpresión 3D requiere que el módulo de deposición convierta la biotinta en estructuras reproducibles, viables y estables. Este trabajo presenta una revisión sistemática de literatura científica y patentes sobre módulos de deposición en técnicas de extrusión, inyección de tinta (inkjet) y bioimpresión asistida por láser. La metodología siguió los lineamientos PRISMA adaptados al análisis tecnológico. Incluyó búsqueda bibliográfica, selección según criterios definidos y análisis patentométrico de solicitudes y concesiones publicadas entre 2021 y 2025. Se utilizó la representatividad patentométrica (RP), que mide la proporción de patentes de cada técnica respecto del total, para identificar innovaciones por tipo de bioimpresión. Además, se propuso el Índice de Error de Deposición (IED), que calcula la desviación porcentual entre la dimensión depositada y la dimensión objetivo para evaluar el potencial técnico del módulo. La muestra final incluyó 32 patentes: 18 de extrusión, 4 de inkjet y 10 de láser. La RP indicó un predominio de la extrusión (56.3%), seguida de la bioimpresión asistida por láser (31.3%) y la tecnología inkjet (12.5%). Los resultados muestran que la innovación reciente se centra en sistemas modulares, boquillas coaxiales, cabezales desmontables, asistencia por ultrasonido o campo magnético y plataformas híbridas. Se puede concluir, que el diseño de módulos de deposición debe evaluarse no solo por su resolución o compatibilidad celular, sino también por su modularidad, esterilización, control en línea, fidelidad geométrica e integración con mecanismos de retroalimentación automática.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Mariana Cuenca Chávez, Luis Adrián Zúñiga Avilés (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
