Transmission line model errors under variations in length and loading
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46842/ipn.cien.v30n2a09Keywords:
transmission lines, ABCD parameters, nominal π model, active power losses, error analysisAbstract
The short-line, nominal π, and distributed-parameter models are compared to determine how their steadystate discrepancies vary with line length, loading level, and power factor. A balanced three-phase 400 kV and 50 Hz configuration is analyzed under 168 operating conditions obtained by combining 14 lengths from 20 to 400 km, four active-power levels, and three power factors. The formulations are implemented in MATLAB using ABCD parameters, common inputs, and the distributed-parameter model as the mathematical reference. For the short-line model, the median sending-end voltage and current magnitude errors are 1.5206% and 6.3772%, with maxima of 9.7545% and 55.0435%, respectively. For the nominal π model, the corresponding medians are 0.0134% and 0.0203%, and the maxima are 0.7304% and 1.6167%. However, the maximum relative active-power-loss error reaches 18.8181% for the nominal π model. The results show that close agreement in terminal magnitudes does not necessarily imply an equally small relative discrepancy in active-power losses and that model assessment should consider both the indicator and the operating condition. The conclusions are limited to the investigated configuration and parametric domain, without establishing universal length thresholds or attributing experimental accuracy to the distributed-parameter model used as the mathematical reference.
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